Rozdelenie lesných cicavcov
Lesné cicavce delíme na: mäsožravce, bylinožravce, všežravce, hmyzožravce.
Medzi bylinožravé lesné cicavce patrí:
-
srnec lesný,
-
jeleň lesný,
-
veverica stromová.
Srnec lesný
-
je typickým cicavcom našich lesov, je rozšírený na celom Slovensku a v skoro celej Európe
-
živí sa bylinami a výhonkami stromov – je bylinožravý,
-
samec má parohy, ktoré na jeseň zhadzuje, na jar mu narastú nové,
-
majú výborný sluch a zrak,
-
rýchlo utekajú
- ruja trvá od polovice júla do polovice augusta
- vývin zárodku trvá asi 5 mesiacov
Srnec lesný
Jeleň lesný
-
je väčší ako srnec lesný,
-
je bylinožravý, živí sa trávou, bylinami, výhonkami, lístím a kôrou drevín, rôznymi plodmi
-
v čase párenia môžeme počuť hlasné trúbenie,
-
samica jeleňa sa nazýva laň,
-
jelene žijú v stádach
- je symbolom majestátnosti prírody vo väčšine európskych krajín
Veverica stromová
-
živí sa semenami, hubami, suchými plodmi – orieškami a drobnými živočíchmi,
-
predné zuby – rezáky má hlodavé, stále dorastajú, obrusuje si ich potravou,
-
žije na stromoch a je prispôsobená na život v ich korunách
-
veľmi dobre a rýchlo sa šplhá a skáče po stromoch,
-
pri skákaní si udržuje rovnováhu huňatým chvostom.
Veverica
Mäsožravé lesné cicavce
Lesné mäsožravce majú telo prispôsobené na lov. Živia sa živočíšnou potravou.
Medzi mäsožravé lesné cicavce patrí:
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rys ostrovid,
-
líška hrdzavá,
-
kuna lesná,
-
vlk dravý.
Rys ostrovid
-
loví skokom,
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živí sa najmä lovom sŕn, drobných cicavcov a hlodavcov,
-
má výborný zrak,
-
na konci ušníc má štetinky
- môže zaútočiť aj na ľudí a je to najväčšia európska mačkovitá šelma
Rys ostrovid
Líška hrdzavá
-
živí sa prevažne hlodavcami a bezstavovcami (myši, králiky, dážďovky),
-
prenáša nebezpečnú nákazlivú chorobu – besnotu,
-
loví v noci,
-
má dobre vyvinutý zrak a sluch.
Líška hrdzavá
Kuna lesná
- je až 50 cm dlhá
-
živí sa hrabošmi, vevericami, hmyzom a lesnými plodmi,
-
rada si pochutná na mede a ovocí.
- kuny žijú samotársky páry tvoria len v čase rozmnožovania
Kuna lesná
Vlk dravý
- vlk je najväčšia psovitá šelma Európy
-
hlavnou potravou sú jelene, srny, diviaky, ale aj menšie cicavce a hlodavce,
-
žije vo svorkách,
-
korisť naháňa, dokiaľ ju neuštve,
-
je plachý, človeka sa bojí, ale mnohočlenná svorka vlkov neváha zaútočiť
-
má výborný čuch, sluch aj zrak.
- najznámejším dorozumievacím prejavom je vytie
Vlk dravý
Všežravé lesné cicavce
Všežravé cicavce sa živia rastlinnou aj živočíšnou potravou.
Medzi všežravé lesné cicavce patrí:
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sviňa lesná,
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medveď hnedý,
-
jazvec.
Sviňa lesná
-
živí sa žaluďmi, bukvicami, orieškami, korienkami, larvami hmyzu – je všežravá,
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žije v čriedach,
-
kožu má pokrytú hrubými štetinami,
-
na hlave má kly.
- sfarbenie srsti je hrdzavohnedé až čierne
Sviňa lesná (divá)
Medveď hnedý
- medveď je naša najväčšia šelma
-
živí sa väčšinou rastlinnou potravou (tráva, byliny, lesné plody), hmyzom ale aj uhynutými zvieratami - je všežravý,
-
ukladá sa na zimný spánok,
-
patrí medzi chránené živočíchy.
- medvede sa pária od konca jari do začiatku leta
Medveď hnedý
- dĺžka tela dosahuje až 70 cm a chvosta až 20 cm
- jazvec sa vyskytuje skoro v celej Európe
- je všežravý-jeho potravu tvorí hmyz,makkýše,rastliny,dážďovky, nepohŕdne ani zdochlinami
Jazvec lesný
Hmyzožravé lesné cicavce:
Medzi hmyzožravé lesné cicavce patrí netopier veľký.
Netopier veľký
-
medzi predĺženými prstami na predných končatinách a bokmi tela a zadnými končatinami má lietaciu blanu,
-
na hľadanie potravy a na orientáciu v priestore mu slúžia ušnice, ktorými zachytáva odrazy zvukov od predmetov v okolí,
-
živí sa hmyzom - je hmyzožravý,
-
vyletuje neskoro večer, až za tmy a loví väčší hmyz.
Netopier veľký
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